2.4654 / UNS N07001 / Waspaloy Sheet
AMS 5544 Waspaloy:
A High-Performance Nickel-Based Superalloy for Demanding Aerospace Applications
AMS 5544 is a technical specification that governs the chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical requirements for Waspaloy (UNS N07001), a premier nickel-based superalloy supplied in the form of sheet, strip, and plate. Renowned for its exceptional combination of high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and manufacturability, this age-hardenable alloy is a critical material for advanced aerospace propulsion and airframe systems.
Product form
Waspaloy is available in Round Bar, Flat Bar, Forging Stock, Extruded Section, Wire, Plate, Sheet, Strip and Welding Wire. For all stock availability contact Lork Group Sales.
Chemical Composition
| Weight % | Cr | B | Zr | Al | Ti | Mo | Co | Cu | Fe | S | Si | Mn | C | P | Ni |
| Waspaloy | 18-21 | 0.003-00.1 | 0.02-0.12 | 1.2-1.6 | 2.75-3.25 | 3.5-5.0 | 12-15 | 0.50 max | 2 max | 0.030 max | 0.75 max | 1 max | 0.02-0.10 max | 0.030 max | Bal |
Mechanical Properties
| Material | Condtion | Thickness | Temp | Tensile Strength ksi | Yield Strength ksi | Elongation in 4D | Hardness HRC |
| Sheet | Sol Treated, Stabilization + Precipitation HT | 0-0.020" | Room | 170 | 110 | 15 | 34-44 |
| Sheet | Sol Treated, Stabilization + Precipitation HT | 0-0.020" | 1000°F | 145 | 100 | 13 | |
| Sheet | Sol Treated, Stabilization + Precipitation HT | over 0.020" | Room | 175 | 115 | 20 | 34-44 |
| Sheet | Sol Treated, Stabilization + Precipitation HT | over 0.020" | 1000°F | 150 | 105 | 15 |
Controlled Heat Treatment for Optimal Properties
The AMS 5544 specification is specifically designed for components that require superior creep and stress rupture properties under load at temperatures up to approximately 980°C (1800°F). Its strength profile is generally comparable to Rene 41 and is typically superior to Alloy 718 at temperatures exceeding 650–705°C (1200–1300°F).
The full potential of Waspaloy is unlocked through a rigorous multi-stage heat treatment process, as outlined in AMS 5544. Each stage serves a distinct metallurgical purpose:
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Solution Treatment
The material is heated to 1825°F (995°C) and held for a sufficient time (typically 2 hours) to dissolve the gamma prime forming elements (Al, Ti) and any secondary phases into the solid solution, creating a uniform austenitic matrix. Subsequent rapid air cooling preserves this supersaturated state.
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Stabilization Treatment
A critical intermediate step, the alloy is reheated to 1550°F (845°C) for 4 hours and air-cooled. This treatment precipitates grain boundary carbides (primarily M₂₃C₆), which "stabilize" the microstructure. This enhances stress rupture ductility and prevents premature grain boundary failure during service.
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Aging (Precipitation Hardening)
The final step involves reheating to 1400°F (760°C) for 16 hours, followed by air cooling. This controlled aging process precipitates a fine, uniform dispersion of the gamma prime phase (Ni₃(Al, Ti)) throughout the matrix, which is the primary mechanism for achieving the specified high strength and hardness, typically in the range of 33-44 HRC.
Note: Heat treatment in oxidizing atmospheres will result in scale formation. This surface oxide does not adversely affect the material's inherent properties and can be effectively removed via acid pickling (using nitric-hydrofluoric acids) or mechanical methods like grit blasting or grinding.
Fabrication and Welding Considerations
While Waspaloy sheet can be formed using conventional techniques, its high strength necessitates powerful equipment and may require hot-forming operations. Machining is more challenging than for austenitic stainless steels and should be performed in the annealed condition using rigid setups, positive feeds, and sharp, hard tooling.
Welding AMS 5544 Waspaloy is feasible but requires extreme care to avoid cracking, specifically strain-age cracking, which can occur due to the high stresses induced during the aging cycle. It is recommended only in carefully controlled circumstances:
- Process: Inert gas shielding methods, specifically Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG), are mandatory.
- Filler Metal: Use AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-12 or the specific AMS 5828 specification wire.
- Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): A full solution heat treatment followed by the stabilization and aging sequence is strongly recommended to restore properties and relieve stresses. Consequently, welded assemblies should be designed to reside in low-stress areas of the component.
Applications
The unique properties of AMS 5544 Waspaloy make it indispensable in the most demanding sections of gas turbine engines and high-performance aerospace systems, including:
- Gas Turbine Engine Components: Turbine blades, discs, shafts, spacers, seals, and casings.
- Airframe Assemblies: High-temperature fasteners, engine mounts, and exhaust components for military and commercial aircraft.
- Missile Systems: Structural components and propulsion system parts subjected to extreme thermal and mechanical loads.
Lork Group is a premier international exporter and supplier of AMS 5544 Waspaloy (UNS N07001), the premium nickel-based superalloy renowned for its exceptional strength and corrosion resistance at extreme temperatures. We maintain extensive stock levels of Waspaloy in sheet, strip, and plate to meet the urgent demands of the aerospace, defense, and power generation industries.
Contact Lork Group Sales Now to discuss your needs, check specific stock availability, and secure your supply chain for this high-performance superalloy.
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