316Ti Stainless Steel Strip
316Ti Stainless Steel Strip
Type 316Ti is a titanium-stabilized version of the molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel Type 316. Compared to standard grades like Type 304, the 316 series alloys offer superior resistance to general corrosion, pitting, and crevice corrosion, as well as higher creep, rupture, and tensile strengths at elevated temperatures.
While Type 316 stainless steel is susceptible to sensitization-a phenomenon where chromium carbides precipitate at grain boundaries within the 425–815°C temperature range, leading to rapid corrosion-Type 316Ti addresses this issue through the addition of titanium. During heat treatment, titanium reacts with carbon to form titanium carbide, thereby inhibiting the formation of chromium carbide. This reduces the material's tendency to sensitize during service, enabling long-term operation in high-temperature environments without compromising corrosion resistance.
Chemical Composition
|
Element |
% |
|
C |
0.08 max |
|
Mn |
2.00 max |
|
Si |
1.00 max |
|
P |
0.045 max |
|
S |
0.030 max |
|
Cr |
16.0 – 18.0 |
|
Ni |
10.0 – 14.0 |
|
Mo |
2.0-3.0 |
|
N |
0.10 max |
|
Fe |
Balance |
|
Ti |
5X(C+N) - 0.70 |
Physical Properties
|
Density |
g/cm³ |
7.99 |
|
lb/in.³ |
0.29 |
|
|
Modulus of Elasticity (E) |
At 70°F (20°C) |
28.0 x 10³ ksi in tension |
|
Modulus of Rigidity (G) |
At 70°F (20°C) |
193 x 10³ MPa in tension |
|
Electrical Resistivity |
28.4 μ ohm. in |
|
|
Thermal Conductivity |
8.4 Btu-in./ft.2hr.-°F (100°C) |
|
|
Coefficient of Expansion |
9.2 x 10−6 microinches/in.-°F (32-212oF) |
|
|
16.5 μm/m°C (0-100°C) |
||
Mechanical Properties
|
Annealed |
Tensile Strength (UTS) |
90 ksi ( 620 MPa) |
|
0.2% YS |
36 ksi ( 248 MPa) |
|
|
Elongation% in 2" (50.8 mm) |
54 |
|
|
Hardness Rockwell |
76 HRBW |
Additional process points
Welding Performance
316Ti retains its resistance to sensitization without requiring post-weld solution annealing, making it highly advantageous for the fabrication of large or complex structures (whereas standard 316 may require heat treatment after welding).
Maximum Operating Temperature
The recommended long-term operating temperature for 316Ti is generally below 550–600°C (with short-term exposure up to approximately 800°C). Above this range, titanium carbides gradually decompose, diminishing the material's resistance to sensitization.
Comparison with 316L
316L also offers resistance to sensitization, achieved by lowering the carbon content; however, it remains susceptible to sensitization if exposed to the critical temperature range for extended periods. In contrast, the sensitization resistance of 316Ti is more durable. However, 316Ti typically has a slightly inferior surface finish and a higher price point.
Machinability
The presence of titanium results in a higher work-hardening rate for 316Ti compared to 316 or 316L; consequently, forming and machining are more difficult, presenting greater challenges for the manufacturing process.
Application
- Exhaust manifolds
- Furnace parts
- Heat exchangers
- Jet engine parts
- Pharmaceutical and photographic equipment
- Valve and pump trim
- Chemical equipment
- Digesters
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